The Short Guide to Environmental Policy by Snell Carolyn & Haq Gary

Author:Snell, Carolyn & Haq, Gary [Snell, Carolyn & Haq, Gary]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Public Policy, Ecology, Political Science, Nature, Environmental Policy
ISBN: 9781447307198
Google: 7a3UBAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Policy Press
Published: 2014-04-16T13:47:19+00:00

Policy instruments in developing countries and countries in transition

Given the importance of ensuring that development occurs sustainably within countries that are undergoing both industrial and political change, and the specific difficulties that such countries face when it comes to applying policy instruments, it is of value to consider them separately here. While there is limited academic literature on the design and implementation of policy instruments in developing countries and countries in transition, many of the factors discussed above are still applicable. Kathuria (2006, 406) argues that there are a number of factors that make the use of policy instruments more challenging:

Developing countries and countries in transition often face more severe environmental degradation, a greater reliance on environmental resources for economic development, a weak institutional base to implement environmental policy, a greater risk of resistance to the introduction of MBIs, important issues of equity and social justice, and a weaker environmental research and development capacity.

There are two main points of view concerning the targeting of environmental problems in developing countries and countries in transition. One group (including organisations such as the World Bank) favour the use of market-based instruments as it is said to benefit:

the treasury, through raised revenue;

the environment, through encouraging polluters to change their behaviour and ploughing the money back into environmental initiatives;

the economy, by encouraging private sector incentives. (Kathuria, 2006)

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